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Gadolinium Ionization Energy

The Gadolinium Ionization Energy is the energy required to remove from atom one mole of electrons with subsequent production of positively charged ion of Gadolinium.
Gd -> Gd+ + e-
This process can be repeated many times, but the energy cost is increased dramatically. The general equation for the Gadolinium is:
GdN+ -> Gd(N+1)+ + e-

Ionization Energy

Gd -> Gd1+ = 592.5 kJ/mol = 141.75 Kcal/mol
Gd1+ -> Gd2+ = 1167 kJ/mol = 279.19 Kcal/mol
Gd2+ -> Gd3+ = 1990 kJ/mol = 476.08 Kcal/mol
Gd3+ -> Gd4+ = 4250 kJ/mol = 1016.75 Kcal/mol

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